Verbe Modale Can Could in Engleza

Cand Folosim Verbele Modale Can, Could si To Be Able To?

Verbele modale can coud si inlocuitorul lor to be able to se folosesc frecvent in limba Engleza in conversatia de zi cu zi. Incepem prin a vorbi despre verbul modal ”can”.

Ce este si cand folosim verbul modal Can?

Este folosit ca verb modal si auxiliar in limba Engleza scrisa si vorbita.

Can este folosit pentru a exprima abilitatea, oportunitatea, cererea, permisiunea, posibilitatea si imposibilitatea.

Verb modal – forma

Can este invariabil. Acest verb modal are forma doar pentru prezent. La viitor sau trecut este inlocuit de expresia ”to be able to”.

Are forma doar de infinitiv scurt si poate fi urmat doar de infinitiv scurt (fara to).

Iata cateva exemple:

• Poate canta la pian. He can play the piano. Abilitate
• Putem sa o vizitam pe sora mea cand vom fi in Brighton. We can visit my sister when we are in Brighton. Oportunitate
• Nu poti sa-mi folosesti masina. You cannot (can’t) use my car. Permisiune
• Pot sa imprumut pixul tau? Can I borrow your pen? Cerere
• Poti invata japoneza la acea scoala. You can learn Japanese at that school. Posibilitate

Can – prezent – treecut – viitor

Abilitate

Putem exprima abilitatea in prezent:

• Pot sa cant la pian. I can play the piano.
• Nu pot sa cant la vioara. I can’t play the violin.

La trecut: folosim ”could”

• Puteam sa cant la pian cand eram copil. I could play the piano as a child.
• Nu puteam sa cant la vioara cand eram copil. I couldn’t play the violin as a child.

La viitor, can este inlocuit de expresia verbala ”to be able to”. Atentie, aceasta expresie nu este verb modal.

• I will be able to play the piano soon. Voi putea canta la pian in curand.
• I won’t be able to play the violin. Nu voi putea canta la vioara.

Verbul modal can – Oportunitatea

Can poate exprima oportunitatea.

• Sunt liber acum. Putem pleca. I’m free now. We can go.
• Nu sunt liber acum. Nu putem pleca inca. I’m not free now. We can’t go yet.

La trecut, folosim to be able to cand vorbim despre o ocazie anume.

• Eram liber asa ca am putut pleca. I was free so we were able to go.
• Nu eram liber asa ca nu am putut pleca. I was not free so we were unable to go.

La viitor, folosim to be able to

• Voi fi liber atunci asa ca vom putea pleca. I’ll be free then so we will be able to go.
• Nu voi fi liber atunci asa ca nu putea pleca. I won’t be free then so we won’t be able to go.

Permisiune

Exprima permisiunea la prezent:

• Pot sa stau acasa la Danny cand este plecat. I can stay at Danny’s when he’s out of town.
• Nu pot sa stau acasa la Danny cand este plecat. I can’t stay at Danny’s when he’s out of town.

Permisiunea Trecut

Putem folosi to be allowed to pentru a exprima permisiunea in trecut:

• Mi s-a permis sa stau la … I was allowed to stay at Danny’s when he was out of town.
• Nu mi s-a permis sa stau la  …I wasn’t allowed to stay at Danny’s when he was out of town.

Viitor

• I can stay at Danny’s when he’s out of town next month. Pot sa stau acasa la Danny cand este plecat luna viitoare.
• I can’t stay at Danny’s when he’s out of town next week. Nu pot sa stau acasa la Danny cand este plecat saptamana viitoare.

In mod normal, putem folosi can la prezent. Este posibil sa folosim can la prezent pentru a exprima decizii prezente legate de abilitate in viitor.

• Poti sa ma ajuti cu temele? Can you help me with my homework? (prezent)
• Imi pare rau dar sunt ocupat azi. Dar te pot ajuta maine. Sorry. I’m busy today. But I can help you tomorrow. (viitor)

Cerere

Putem exprima cererea in prezent:

• Imi poti da o cafea? Can I have a coffee? (Pot primi o cafea?)
• Nu imi poti da o cafea? Can’t I have a coffee? (Nu pot primi o cafea?)
• Poti sa-mi arati unde scrie asta? Can you show me where it says that?

• Can I take this book? Pot sa iau aceasta carte?

Posibilitate

Prezent

• Poti castiga multi bani in imobiliare. You can earn a lot of money in real estate.
• Nu poti castiga multi bani ca profesor. You can’t earn a lot of money as a teacher

Could

Exprimam posibilitatea cu can in general dar si ‘Could’ este posibil.

Folosim ”could” pentru a vorbi despre ce era posibil in trecut, ce puteam face in trecut.

• Puteam sa inot cand aveam 5 ani. I could swim when I was 5 years old.
• Bunica putea vorbi 5 limbi. My grandmother could speak 5 languages.
• Intelegeai ce zice? Could you understand what he was saying?

Cand ne referim la abilitate in trecut intr-o ocazie anume, folosim ”was sau were able to”

• With my friend’s help, we were able to clear the garage in no time at all.

Cand vorbim despre o ocazie speciala in trecut, folosim to be able to pentru forma afirmativa si couldn’t la forma negativa.

• A man fell into the river yesterday. The police were able to save him.
• A man fell into the river yesterday. The police couldn’t save him.

Could pentru cerere

Putem folosi could in intrebari pentru a cere ceva. este formal si politicos.

• Mi-ati putea spune unde este banca, va rog? Could you tell me where the bank is, please?
• Mi-ati putea trimite un catalog, va rog? Could you send me a catalogue, please?

be able to

To be able to nu este verb modal. Este o expresie verbala care il inlocuieste pe can sau could.

• Am putut/ am fost in stare sa conduc. … I was able to drive… Trecut Simplu.
• Voi putea conduce… I will be able to drive… Viitor
• Am putut.am fost in stare sa conduc.. . I have been able to drive… Prezent Perfect.
• Intotdeauna am putut vede la distanta. I’ve always been able to see in the distance.

Folosim to be able to: pentru a exprima abilitatea

• As vrea sa pot vorbi Chineza. I would like to be able to speak Chinese.

Daca spun

• Sunt capabil sa inot. Sunt in stare sa inot. „I am able to swim”,

este ca si cum as spune:

• Pot sa inot. „I can swim”.

Pot folosi to be able to pentru formele timpurilor in Engleza.

• Pot sa inot de la 5 ani. I have been able to swim since I was five. (prezent perfect)
• Vei putea vorbi Engleza perfect foarte curand. You will be able to speak perfect English very soon. (Viitor simplu)
• Mi-ar placea sa pot pilota un avion. I would like to be able to fly an airplane. (infinitiv)

Exercitii:

1. Traduceti in limba Engleza:

1. Ea poate conduce masina.
2. Ion poate vorbi spaniola.
3. Nu te aud. Nu te pot auzi.
4. Ma (poti) auzi?
5. Pot calari calul. Puteam calari si cand eram mic.
6. Putem sta la fratele meu cand vom fi in Paris.
7. Ea nu poate sta afara dupa ora 10 seara.
8. Poti sa ma ajuti cu capsatorul?
9. Orice copil poate deveni presedinte cand creste mare.
10. Imi poti da un pahar cu apa?
11. Ma poti duce la scoala (cu masina)?
12. Pot conduce masina lui Susan cand nu este in oras saptamana viitoare.
13. Voi putea vorbi Chineza pana cand voi termina cursul.
14. Pot fuma in aceasta camera?
15. Nu poti fuma aici, dar poti fuma in gradina.

2. Completati spatiile libere cu formele corecte de can, could si to be able to

1. _____ he understand what you were talking about?

2. My sister _____ play tennis now.

3. I _____ walk when I was less than a year old.

4. (Polite) _____ you tell me what time it is, please?

5. My grandfather ________ walk without any help last night.

6. I would like to ________ play the piano.

7. How long have you ________ drive?

8. I’ll ________ help you later.

9. Can you help me? I ________ never understand this.

10. Will people ________ live forever one day?

Raspunsuri corecte:

Exercitiu 1.

1. She can drive a car.
2. John can speak Spanish.
3. I cannot hear you. (I can’t hear you.)
4. Can you hear me?
5. I can ride a horse. ability
6. We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity
7. She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission
8. Can you hand me the stapler? request
9. Any child can grow up to be president. possibility
10. Can I have a glass of water?
11. Can you give me a lift to school?
12. I can drive Susan’s car while she is out of town next week.
13. I will be able to speak Chinese by the time I finish my course.
14. Can I smoke in this room?
15. You can’t smoke here, but you can smoke in the garden.

Exerecitiu 2

1. Could
2. can
3. could
4. Could
5. was able to
6. be able to
7. been able to
8. be able to
9. can
10. be able to