Pluralul substantivelor in limba Engleza
Astazi vorbim despre substantive in Engleza la plural. Este o tema importanta pentru toti cei care vor sa invete sa vorbeasca corect in limba Engleza.
Ce inseamna pluralul substantivelor? Este forma care ne arata ca exista mai mult de o persoana, obiect, loc, idee etc. In alte cuvinte, cand vorbim despre pluralul substantivelor, ne referim la mai mult de un lucru, fiinte, fenomene, stari, idei etc.
Spunem ca avem forme regulate de plural sau substantive regulata daca primesc terminatie: -s. Pentru forma de plural, substantivele primesc terminatia: -s, -es, sau -ies, in functie de litera de la finalul cuvantului.
Iata ce trebuie sa stii despre substantive pentru a invata Engleza corect!
- Cum se formeaza pluralul substantivelor?
- Substantive regulate in Engleza
- Substantive neregulate
- Substantive cu forme identice la singular si plural
- Exercitii cu substantive la plural
Invata Engleza corect! Substantive in Engleza la plural
Pentru cele mai multe substantive, pluralul se formeaza prin adaugarea unui -s. Astfel, vom avea: Ex
Substantive in Engleza, la plural, traduse in limba romana.
Cele mai multe dintre aceste substantive sunt destul de cunsocute. Preferam sa le traducem pentru a ne asigura ca, totusi, le stim.
- bottle – bottles sticla/sticle
- cup – cups ceasca/cesti
- pencil – pencils pix/pixuri
- desk – desks birou/birouri
- sticker – stickers sticker/stickere
- window – windows fereastra/fereastra
- house – houses casa/case
- car – cars masina/masini
Substantivele care se termina in
Pentru a forma pluralul, substantivele care se termina in urmatoarele litere: -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, adauga -es la final. Astfel, vom avea: Ex
- Forma de singular Forma de plural
- kiss kisses sarut/saruturi
- wish wishes dorinta dorinte
- match matches meci/meciuri/chibrit/chibrituri
- fox foxes vulpe/vulpi
- quiz quizzes chestionar/chestionare
- I have found the matches.
- Can you believe they still hunt foxes in England?
Substantive care se termina in -y precedat de consoana
Cand substantivul se termina in consoana + y, inlaturam y si ramane -ies la sfarsit. Astfel, vom avea: Ex
- Singular Plural
- party parties petrecere/petreceri
- lady ladies doamna/doamne
- story stories poveste/povesti
- nanny nannies dadaca/dadace
- city cities oras/orase
- country countries tara/tari
- puppy puppies catelus/catelusi
- candy candies bomboana/bomboane
- Good stories sell products.
Substantive care se termina in -y precedat de vocala
Daca substantivul la singular se termina in -y, precedat de vocala, la pluralprimeste doar -s
- ray – rays raza/raze
- boy – boys baiat/baieti
Substantive care se termina in -f sau -fe
Daca substantivul se termina in -f sau -fe, inlturam -f sau -fe si adaugam -ves la sfarsit.
- Singular Plural
- life viata lives vieti They live different lives in these countries.
- leaf frunza leaves frunze There are many yellow leaves on this park bench.
- thief hot thieves hoti The thieves were caught and taken to prison.
- wife sotie wives sotii/neveste The man had three wives in only five years.
- loaf franzela loaves franzele I bought three loaves of bread in the morning.
- hoof copita hooves copite I could see the marks of the hooves in the sand.
Sunt cateva exceptii:
- roof – roofs acoperis
- cliff – cliffs stanci
- chief – chiefs sef
- belief – beliefs credinta
- chef – chefs bucatar
Substantive care se termina in -o
Daca substantivul se termina in consoana + O, in mod normal adaugam -ES la sfarsit.
- Singular Plural
- tomato rosie tomatoes rosii
- potato cartof potatoes cartofi
- echo ecou echoes ecouri
- hero erou heroes eroi
- Exceptii: piano – pianos, halo – halos, photo – photos
NOTE: Volcano poate avea doua forme, ambele corecte. volcanos si volcanoes.
Substantive cu plural neregulat in Engleza
Exista subtantive la care nu se aplica aceste reguli. Sunt substantive neregulate. Acestea au forme diferite pentru plural. Trebuie invatate asa cum sunt.
- Singular Plural
- man barbat men barbati
- woman femei women femei
- child copil children copii
- foot picior feet picioare
- tooth dinte teeth dinti
- goose gasca geese gaste
- mouse soarece mice soareci
- die zar dice zaruri
- louse paduche lice paduchi
- curriculum curricula curiculum
- datum data data date
- There is a child in the park.
- There are many children in the park.
Substantive fara plural
Sunt substantive care au aceeasi forma atat la singular cat si plural. Le mai putem numi si substantive in Engleza fara plural.
Singular sau plural, au aceeasi forma.
Cum iti dai seama cand este vorba despre singular? Cand iti dai seama ca este plural? Raspunsul este simplu. Din context. Ex.
- fish fish peste/pesti The fisherman caught a lot of fish the other day.
- sheep sheep oaie/oi I count sheep before falling asleep.
- deer deer caprioara/caprioare They have deer in their backgarden.
- moose moose We saw two moose at the zoo.
- aircraft aircraft aeronavaTwo different aircraft were spotted in the sky that day.
- trout trout pastrav Trout instinctively swim upstream to lay their eggs and reproduce close to the place where they were born.
Trebuie sa vezi aceste substantive in context pentru a le identifica la singular sau la plural. Ex:
- Mark caught one fish, but I caught three fish.
Substantive cu forme de plural
Sunt substantive care au forma de plural chiar si la singular.
- series – series serie We saw the whole series last year.
- species – species specie These animals belong to the same species.
- barracks barracks They were sent back to the barracks.
- news news stiri They were really glad when they heard the news.
- I can see a sheep in the field. I can see ten sheep in the field.
Substantive care se termina in -is
Daca substantivul se termina in -is, pluralul se termina in -es.
Singular Plural
- analysis analyses analiza
- basis bases baza
- crisis crises criza
- ellipsis ellipses elipsa
- oasis oases oaza
- appendix – appendices apendix
- diagnosis diagnoses diagnostic

Substantive care se termina in -us
Daca substantivul se termina in -us, se va schimba la plural in -i. Astfel, vom avea: Ex.
- Singular Plural
- cactus – cacti cactus
- fungus – fungi ciuperca
- stimulus – stimuli stimul
- syllabus – syllabi program de studiu
- nucleus – nuclei nucleu
- larva- larvae larva
Exceptii: octupus – octupuses (provine din limba greaca, nu latina),
- An octopus is a sea creature. Caracatita etse o creatura marina.
- Octopuses are sea cretures.
Substantive care se termina in on
Substantivele care se termina in -on, la plural adauga -a. Astfel vom avea: Ex.
- phenomenon – phenomen fenomen
- criterion – criteria criteriu
Substantive neregulate la plural
Substantivele neregulate nu au reguli specifice asa ca trebuie sa le retii asa cum sunt. Gasesti in dictionar atat formele de singular cat si cele de plural. Astfel, vom avea: Ex
- child – children copil/copii
- goose – geese gasca/gaste
- man – men barbati/barbati
- woman – women femeie/femei
- tooth – teeth dinte/dinti
- foot – feet picior/picioare
- mouse – mice soarece/soareci
- person – people persoana/persoane
Exercitii cu pluralul substantivelor
Choose the correct form of the noun in each sentence:
1)I have three (child, children).
2)There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women).
3)(Baby, Babies) ususally play with bottles as toys.
4)I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box.
5)Fewer men wear (watch, watches) now than they used to.
6)I put a (memo, memos) on the desk, on the right.
7)I saw a (mouse, mice) running to the kitchen.
8)There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.
Sper ca totul este clar legat despre pluralul substantivelor pentru a invata Engleza corect si eficient. Daca ai intrebari, ne poti lasa un comentariu mai jos.
eJuliana.ro - Magazin de cadouri
Cadouri de Botez şi Nunta | Magazin online, Bucureşti
Vezi produse în magazin