Past simple -Trecutul in Engleza

Cum exprimam Trecutul Simplu in limba Engleza?

Past Simple -Trecutul – in limba Engleza este folosit pentru a exprima actiuni care s-au intamplat sau lucruri care au existat in trecut. Este vorba de actiuni incheiate care nu mai au legatura cu prezentul.

De obicei, acest lucru este accentuat de prezenta unor adverbe care arata ca actiunea a acut loc la un anumt moment dat in trecut. In cazul in care apare un astfel de adverb in propozitie, actiunea va fi exprimata prin Past Simple – Trecutul in limba Engleza.

Cum se formeaza Past Simple – Trecutul in limba Engleza?

Trebuie sa stim cum se formeaza trecutul Simplu. Dupa cum probabil stii, in limba Engleza verbele pot fi regulate  si neregulate.

  • I walked to the station yesterday. Am mers pe jos pana la gara ieri.
  • She received several gifts on her birthday. Ea a primit cateva cadouri de ziua ei.
Past simple Trecutul in Engleza
Trecutul in Engleza

Past Simple -verbe regulate

Verbele regulate primesc -d, -ed, or -ied, la sfarsit, in functie de consoanele sau vocalele cu care se termina.

Se adauga -d la verbele care se termina in vocala:

  • They closed the shop earlier. Ei au inchis magazinul mai devreme
  • A plecat din casa 10 minute mai tarziu.
  • She lived in London in the ’70s. Ea a locuit in Londra in anii ’70.
  • The cat died last year. Pisica a murit anul trecut.

Verbele care se termina in consoana, adauga -ed .

  • She cleaned the kitchen and the bathroom last week. A facut curatenie in bucatarie saptamana trecuta.

We add -ied to verbs ending in a consonant+y. hurry -hurried, carry -carried

  • He hurried to the station to catch the train. S-a grabit sa ajunga la gara ca sa prinda trenul.
  • She carried the luggage to the car all by herself. A carat bagajul pana la masina singura.

Verbele care se termina in -y precedat de o vocala, primesc doar -ed. ex. stay-stayed, play-played.

Se dubleaza consoana finala

Verbele care se termina in consoana, precedata de vocala, isi dubleaza consoana finala. ex

Plan -planned, stop-stopped

  • They planned their holiday in detail. Si-au planuit vacanta in detaliu.
  • He stopped by the shop on his way home. El s-a oprit la magazin in drum spre casa.

In Engleza Britanica, la verbele terminate in -l, acesta se dubleaza:

  • cancel-cancelled, travel – travelled

In Engleza Americana, l-ul final nu se dubleaza. ex. canceled, traveled.

Deasemenea, se dubleaza consoana finala daca ultima silaba este accentuata:

  • prefer- preferred, regret -regretted

Daca nu este accentuata silaba finala, nu se dubleaza consoana finala:

  • transfer – transfered
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          Past Simple – verbe neregulate

Verbele neregulate au trei forme: forma de invinitiv din dictiona, forma a doua si forma a treia.

Pentru a forma trecutul in limba Engleza cu verbe neregulate, este nevoie de forma a doua. Nu exista o regula speciala pentru verbele neregulate. Ele trebuie invatate asa cum sunt, in multe exemple. Se pot invata si retine usor daca sunt folosite in scris sau vorbit.

  • I was very busy. Am fost/eram foarte ocupat.
  • It was easy to do. A fost/era usor de facut.
  • We were there when they arrived.  Eram/am fost acolo cand au ajuns ei.
    Verbe neregulate Engleza – Forme diferite la trecut fata de infinitiv

Unele verbe au aceeasi forma dar se pronunta diferit.

  • I read that book two months ago. Am citit acea carte acum 2 luni.

Cele mai multe verbe neregulate au forme diferite la trecut, fata de infinitiv.

To drink – a bea

  • drink – a bea
  • drank – am/ai/a baut
  • drunk – baut/bauta

to be – a fi are formele:

  • be  a fi
  • was/were – am fost/eram
  • been – am fost

to do – a face are formele:

  • do – a face
  • did – am facut
  • done – facut

did la trecut si  done la present perfect

  • She was a very good singer. Era o cantareata foarte buna.
  • There were very good friends. Erau prieteni foarte buni.
  • Have had – My friend had a house in the country and we used to spend the weekends there.
  • Prietenul/prietena mea avea o casa la tara si obisnuiam sa ne petrecem weekend-urile acolo.
  • do did –  What you did was wrong. Ai gresit ce ai facut. Ce ai facut, a fost gresit.
  • write wrote – She wrote a two page essay and the teacher was impressed. A scris un eseu de 2 pagini si profesorul a fost impresionat.
  • speak spoke – We spoke in several occasions in the past. Am vorbit in cateva ocazii in trecut.
  • do did – I did what I could at the time. Am facut ce am putut atunci.

Past simple – Trecut Simplu la negativ

Pentru a forma trecutul, in intrebari, se foloseste auxiliarul Did +negatia Not. Forma scurta a lui Did not este Didn’t

  • I didn’t know what to say so I made something up. Nu am stiut ce sa spun asa ca am inventat ceva.
  • We didn’t get home until very late last night. Nu am ajuns pana tarziu acasa.

Auxiliarul Did – in intrebari

Pentru a pune intrebari legate de trecut, vom folosi auxiliarul Did. When we ask questions about the past we need to use the auxiliary Did.

  • Did she play tennis when she was younger? A jucat tenis cand era tanara?
    Did you live abroad when you were younger? Ai locuit in strainatate cand erai mai tanar/a?
    When did you meet your wife? Cand ai intalnit-o/cunoscut-o pe sotia ta?
    Where did she go yesterday? Unde s-a dus ieri?
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Past simple fara auxiliar in intrebari

Past Simple se poate folosi fara auxiliar in intrebari cu Who si What cand acestea se folosesc in locul subiectului.

In intrebari cu who ori what nu folosim did:

  • Who discovered penicillin? Cine a descoperit penicilina?
  • What made you change your mind? Ce te-a facut sa te razgandesti?

Exceptie cand aceste pronume interogative se folosesc ca obiect, complement.

  • Who did you meet at the party? Pe cine ai intalnit la petrecere?
  • What did you do when you found it? Ce ai facut cand ai gasit-o?

Past simple o data sau de mai multe ori

Folosim Trecutul – Past simple – cu actiuni care au avut loc o data sau de mai multe ori in trecut.

  • I met my wife in 2015. Am intalnit-o pe sotia mea in 2015.
  • When I was a boy, I went to school by bus every day. Cand eram copil mergeam la scoala cu autobuzul.
  • They never spoke to each other when they were at home. Nu isi vorbeau cand erau acasa.
  • They moved house several times last year. S-au mutat anul trecut.

O actiunea care urmeaza dupa alta actiune:

  • He came in, took off his coat and sat down at his desk. A venit, si-a dat jos haina si s-a asezat la  biroul sau.

Actiune care intrerupe o alta actiune in desfasurare in trecut:

  • Someone rang the door bell when we were having breakfast.

We need to use the Past Simple to talk about something that was true for some time in the past:

  • I lived abroad for ten years. Am locuit in strainatate 10 ani.
  • I played a lot of tennis when I was younger. Am jucat tenis cand eram tanar.
  • I used to live in London. Am locuit in Londra.

Past simple cu actiuni negative

Putem exprima actiuni sau lucruri care nu se intamplau in trecut dar se intampla acum

  • They didn’t get along very well. Nu se intelegeau foarte bine.
  • They didn’t get along very well in the past but they do now. Nu se intelegeau foarte bine in trecut dar acum, da.
  • I didn’t use to wear glasses. Nu purtam ochelari. adica: I wear glasses now but I didn’t in the past.
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Past simple cu Would

You can use would to talk about actions or past habits which you did in the past but you don’t do now.

  • Dad would take us to the Zoo and then we would go to the park. Tata ne ducea la gradina zoologica si apoi mergeam in parc.

Present Simple pentru a exprima trecutul

Uneori, putem folosi Prezentul simplu pentrua  vorbi despre lucruri din trecut. Aici, are sens similar cu folosirea lui Used to.

  • The man doesn’t live here any more. It means He used to live here but doesn’t now. Barbatul nu mai locuieste aici. A locuit in trecut dar nu mai locuieste acum.
  • I don’t go swimming anymore. I used to go swimming in the past but now I don’t. Nu mai merg la inot. Obisnuiam sa merg la inot dar acum nu mai merg.

Trecutul in Conditional Tipul II

Pentru a exprima o actiune probabiula putem folosi trecutul simplu la tipul 2 de conditional.

  • If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you. Daca as avea multi bani, i-as imparti cu tine.

Acest timp este folosit pentru a exprima actiuni sua lucruri, stari care erau inainte de momentul acum si intelegem sau se specifica clar acest lucru.

Adverbe pentru trecut

Stim ca trebuie sa folosim trecutul simplu cand avem momente exprimate de adverbe de timp precum:

  • yesterday, the day before yesterday,
  • last night, last week, last month, last year,
  • hours ago, days ago, months ago, years ago

Folosim Past Simple sau trecutul simplu cand se mentioneaza momentul in trecut. (when we are talking about a specific point in the past.)

  • I was born in 1977. M-am nascut in 1977
  • They met in March. S-au cunoscut/intalnit in martie.

Cu actiuni incheiate de putin timp

Putem folosi trecutul simplu cu actiuni incheiate recent daca se intelege ca au avut loc mai devreme in aceeasi zi.

  • Kate called me this morning. M-a sunat Kate de dimineata.

Trecutul exprima actiuni sau stari care au legatura cu o anumita perioada, evenimente sau momente din trecut. The past simple is about a specific period of time, event or point in the past.

  • When I was a student, I played football. Jucam fotbal cand eram student.

Exercitii cu trecutul simplu in Engleza

Sper ca acum este clar cand folosim Past Simple. Pentru a invata limba Engleza este nevoie sa ne asiguram ca stim cum sa folosim corect acest timp. daca aveti intrebari, ne puteti lasa un comentariu mai jos.

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