Articolul Zero in Engleza

Ce Trebuie Sa Stii Despre Articolul Zero in Limba Engleza?

Cand folosim articolul Zero in Engleza? In gramatica limbii Engleze, termenul de Articol Zero inseamna, de fapt, lipsa oricarui articol din fata cuvintelor pe care le folosim in propozitii, oral sau in scris.

In general, articolul zero este folosit cu substantive proprii dar si in alte situatii pe care trebuie sa le cunoastem pentru a ne putea exprima corect.

Omiterea articolului in Engleza inseamna, de fapt, ca vorbim despre nume proprii, substantive de cantitate, obiecte, idei, notiuni abstracte si fiinte in general.

Sunt anumite cuvinte si expresii care se folosesc fara articol in limba Engleza.

• Articol Zero – cand il folosim?
• Cu mijloace de transport
• Cu momentele si mesele zilei
• Cuvinte cu sens general
• Substantive de cantitate
• Definitii si notiuni abstracte
• Nume de strazi
• Anotimpuri, lunile anului, zilele saptamanii, sarbatorile
• Stiinte, materii scolare
• Jocuri sportive
• Exercitii cu articolul Zero

Cand folosim articolul zero sau No article?

Anumite substantive nu primesc articol daca sunt folosite in sens general sau se incadreaza la una dintre situatiile pe care le prezentam mai jos. Exemple de situatii cand nu folosim articol ( Zero Article).

Folosim articolul Zero cu mijloacele de transport: Ex. by plane, by air, by car, by boat, by train, by bus, by air, on foot

• I often travel by train. Merg/calatoresc adesea cu trenul.
• I prefer to go there on foot.  Prefer sa merg pe jos.

Momentele si mesele zilei

Pentru a exprima momentul, timpul: Ex. at noon, at midnight, at night.

• These insects come out at night. Aceste insecte ies noaptea.
• They have lunch at noon. Ei iau pranzul la amiaza.

Mesele zilei nu primesc articol hotarat sau nehotarat, cu mici exceptii: Ex.breakfast, lunch, dinner

• I have breakfast at 9, every day. Iau micul dejun la 9 in fiecare zi.
• What time do you have dinner? La ce ora iei cina?
  

Substantive la plural, cuvinte cu sens general

Cu substantive la plural, nu folosim articolul hotarat, cand ne referim la ceva in general:

• I love dogs. I’m not very fond of cats. Imi plac cainii. Nu prea imi plac pisicile.
  Dogs are much more playful than cats. Ne referim la caini si pisici in general.

Cand ne referim la anumiti caini, atunci folosim articolul hotarat ”The”.

• The dogs at the doggy park are very playful. Canii de la parcul de caini sunt jucausi.

Substantive de cantitate (nenumarabile)

Cu substantive nenumarabile cand ne referim la ele in general.

Sunstantivele nunumarabile, sunt cele de cantitate care pot primi articol hotarat si cuvinte ajutatoare pentru a fi numarate: Ex. a piece of, a kg of, a slice of, a loaf of, a bowl of etc.

• I eat rice every day. Mananc orez in fiecare zi. (Nu ma refer la un orez anume.)

Dar:

• I like the rice in this restaurant. Imi place orezu la acest restaurat.( Ma refer la un anumit orez)

Materiale: gold, silver, cotton, wool, stone, silk

• Some people would love to use gold instead of money. Unora le-ar placea sa foloseasca aur in loc de bani.
• They use silver to make jewellery. Se foloseste argintul pentru a face bijuterii.
• Silk is more expensive than cotton. Matasea este mai scumpa decat bumbacul.

Lichide: water, wine, beer, alcohol, vinegar etc

• Water is necessary to sustain life. Apa este necesara pentru a sustine viata.
• White vinegar is also known as acid acetic. Otetul alb mai este cunsocut ca acid acetic.

Notiuni abstracte precum

Cand vorbim despre notiuni abstracte si cuvinte in general: Ex. music, justice, knowledge, power, information, love, education, happiness, time

• You can save time if you travel by train. Poti economisi timp daca calatoresti cu trenul.
• I like listening to music while I exercise. Nu se refera la o muzica anume. Imi place sa ascult muzica in timp ce fac sport.

Folosim articolul hotarat ”the” daca ne referim la o anumita muzica. ( cea de la spectacol, in cazul nostru.)

• The music at the show last night was too loud. Muzica de la spectacol era prea tare.

Cuvinte care exprima locul

Cu anumite expresii cand arata locul: Ex. at work, at school, in class, at home,

• Sorry, I can’t talk right now. I’m at work. I’ll call you later. Imi pare rau. Nu pot vorbi acum. Sunt la lucru. Te voi suna mai tarziu.
• When does class begin in public schools? Cand incepe ora in scolile publice?

Cu substantive proprii: zilele saptamanii, lunile anului, sarbatori, anotimpuri:

• In winter – iarna
• in autum – toamna
• in summer – vara
• in spring – primavara
• Mother’s day – Ziua Mamei
• Valentine’s Day – Ziua Indragostitilor
• My mother’s name is Rose. I gave her a rose on Mother’s Day.
• It is very cold here in winter but we are used to freezing temperatures.

Anumite cuvinte cu sensul lor de baza

Cu anumite cuvinte atunci cand sunt folosite in sensul pentru care au fost facute. Cand vorbim despre cladiri ca institutii,  folosim articolul Zero. Cand vorbim despre locuri sau cladiri fizice folosim articol hotarat.

in jail, prison, hospital, bed, church, school, class, prison, camp, college, university, court, town, home, work etc.

In Engleza Britanica, avem Articolul Zero.

• When Elizabeth was in hospital, she was occasionally visited by her parents. Cand Elizabeth era in spital, era vizitata ocazional de catre parintii ei.

Nota: Hospital poate fi folosit cu articolul hotarat ”The”, in Engleza Americana.

• She was taken to (the) hospital with minor injuries. A fost dusa la spital cu rani minore.

The Zero Article : school, college, cand acestea au sens „institutional”.

• The students start school in autum. Elevii/studentii incep scoala toamna.
• College provides opportunities for students to learn and meet new people. Colegiul ofera posibilitatea studentior de a invata si a intalni oameni noi.

Cu nume de strazi:

Numele strazilor nu primesc articol in limba Engleza: Ex. Oxford Street, Wall Street, Picadilly Circus Ex.

• You need to turn right, on Oxford Street in order to get there. Trebuie sa faci dreapta pe strada Oxford ca sa ajungi acolo.

Limbi straine

Nu folosim articol cu limbile straine: Ex. English, Russian, Romanian, French, Italian, Spanish

• I studied French and Russian in school but English as my favourite subject. Am studiat Franceza si Rusa la scoala dar Engleza este materia mea preferata.
• Chinese is a difficult language. Chineza este o limba dificila.

Materii la scoala

Cuvintele care denumesc subiectele si materiile scolare nu sunt precedate de articole. Ele se scriun, intotdeauna cu litera mare in limba Engleza. Ex. Math, History, Law, Physics, Science etc

• Math can be rather difficult unless your teacher is very good. Matematica poate fi destul de dificila daca profesorul tau nu este foarte bun.
• I used to love Science when I was in school. Imi placea (materia) stiinta cand eram la scoala.

Jocuri si sport

Cand vorbim despre sporturi si jocuri sportive, nu folosim articol. EX.Tennis, football, chess etc

• I like tennis but football is still my favourite sport. Imi place tenisul dar fotbalul este sportul meu preferat.
• Chess is a mind game. Sahul este un joc (de inteligenta) al mintii.

Substantiv + numar

Cand substantivul este urmat de 1 numar: Ex. platform 3, room 7, page 44

• The train arrives at platform 3. Trenul pleaca de la peronul 3.
  The doctor is in room 7. Doctorul este la camera 7.
  Open your books at page 44! Deschideti cartile la pagina 44.

Titluri de ziar, Instructiuni etc

• Plane Crashes On House! Un avion s-a prabusit pe o casa.
• Prime minister resigns. Prim-ministrul a demisionat.
• Gas price drops. Pretul la gaze a scazut.

Instructions:

• Keep Area Clean! Pastrati curatenia!
• Insert battery! Introduceti betarie!
• Keep away from children! Tineti departe de copii!

Nume proprii: continente, tari, orase

Nu folosim articole cu nume de lacuri, insule individuale, tari, continente, orase, regiuni

Nume de boli si afectiuni: Ex. Measles, asthma, arthritis

• Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints, with symtoms such as, pain, stiffness and swelling. Artrita este o inflamatie a incheieturilor, cu simtome precum durere, intepenire/rigiditate si umflare.

Iata cateva exemple de propozitii in care folosim articolul Zero in Engleza:.

• Cars can be dangerous. Masinile pot fi periculoase.
• We seldom see courage like that. Rar vedem asa curaj.
• Clean air is important for a healthy environment. Aerul curat este important pentru un mediu curat.
• I could see clouds in the sky. Vad nori pe cer.
• There is water on the doorstep. Este apa pe prag.
• He is good at tennis. Se pricepe la tenis.
• He is in room 45. Este la camera 45.
• Please, turn to page 64. Te rog, da-i la pagina 45.
• She’s in bed now. Este in pat acum.
• Are you at home or at school? Esti acasa sau la scoala acum?
• They took her to hospital immediately. Au dus-o la spital imediat/urgent.
• They are leaving town tomorrow by car. Pleaca din oras cu masina.
• I usually go to school by bus. De obicei, merg la scoala cu autobuzul. dar pot spune si: I usually get the bus to school.
• We usually meet on Monday but this week we are meeting on Tuesday. De obicei ne intalnim luni dar saptamana asta ne intalnim marti.
• November is quite cold. Hoever, autumn is still my favourite season. Este destul de frig in noiembrie. Totusi, toamna este anotimpul meu preferat.

Articolul Zero in Engleza – Exercitii

Completati spatiile libere cu articolele potrivite: a/an, the sau Ø

My grandmother likes ____ flowers very much.
She loves ____ flowers in her garden.
Emily needs ____ new desk in her room.
Dan has ____ aunt in Bucharest.
I always listen to _____ radio in the morning.

John goes to work by _____ car.
Try not to be late for _____ work again!
Listen! Daria is playing _____ piano.
She has never been to _____ Alps before.
What about going to ____ United States in January?
The speed of this car was 180 miles ____ hour.
There was ____ man looking for you this morning. ____ man was very inquisitive.

Completati spatiile libere cu articolele potrivite: a/an, the sau Ø

This is ____ expensive bike.
____ Mount Everest is ____ highest mountain on earth.?
Shes reading ____ old comic.
We are listening to ____ English audiobook.
____ most children like ____ sweets?
_____ summer of 1998 was very hot and dry.

My favourite season is ___ summer.

Our friends, ___ Smiths, moved to _____London last August.
____ smog is ____ problem in _____ big cities.
My uncle is ____ honest person.

They left ___ Rome, flew over ___ Alps and made a quick stop in ___ London.
They went shopping in ___ Harrods, visited ___ Tower of London and enjoyed a sunny afternoon in ___ Hyde Park.

Before we landed at _____JFK airport, we saw ____ Statue of Liberty and ___ Empire State Building. ____ hotel I stayed in was on ____ corner of ____ 42nd Street.
I dont like ____ hotels very much, but I didnt have time to rent ___ apartment.

Completati spatiile libere cu articolele potrivite: a/an, the sau Ø

I want ____ apple from that basket.
____ church on the corner is progressive.
Miss Jane speaks ____ French and ____ Italian fluently.
She bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.
Her daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her school.
Please, pass me ____ silver spoon that is on the kitchen table!

My dog follows me to____ church when I go there for  ____ Sunday service.

___church  was built in ___ 14th century.

The man got caught stealing and was taken to ___ prison. His relatives visit him at ____ prison every other weekend.

I lived on ____ Oxford Street when I first came to London.
Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog. ____ dog is very friendly but ____ cat doesn’t like company.

Completati spatiile libere cu articolele potrivite: a/an, the sau Ø

___ pizza we had for dinner last night was excellent. I think _____ cook is very good.
He is wearing ___ nice jacket today.
Maria likes ____ classical music. She enjoys____ Mozart symphonies.

My great grandfather lived ___ long happy life in _____ countryside.
Tom wants to be ___ tourist guide when he grows up.
___ women wear ___ make up and jewellery to make themselves more attractive.
___ mobile phone was a very important invention.
Do you know ___ people who live in ___ next house?

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