Articolul Nehotarat in Engleza

Articolul Nehotarat in limba Engleza

Articolul nehotarat in Engleza se aseaza in fata substantivelor numarabile, la singular. Substantivele nenumarabile nu pot primi articol nehotarat. De asemenea, substantivele la plural nu sunt precedate de artiol nehotarat. Ca si alte articole, articolul nehotarat este invariabil. Are formele ”a” si ”an”.

Cum folosim articolul nehotarat?

Sunt doua forme articole nehotarate ”a” si ”an”. Poti folosi ori unul, ori celalalt, in functie de litera/sunetul cu care incepe cuvantul pe care il preceda, din motive legate de pronuntie.

Cuvinte care incep cu consoane

Pentru cuvinte care incep cu consoane, folosim ”a”. Ex.

• a man  – There is a man in front of the bulding. Este un barbat in fata cladirii.
• a car  –  A blue car is parked outside. O masina albastra  este parcata afara.
• a big elephant – We see a big elephant at the Zoo. Vedem un elefant mare la gradina zoologica.

Cuvinte care incep cu vocale

Pentru cuvinte care incep cu vocale, folosim ”an”

Inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu vocale folosim ”an”. Vocalele in Engleza sunt urmatoarele: a,e,i,o,u.

Vom folosi articolul ”an” chiar si cu substantivele care incep cu consoane, cu conditia ca acestea sa fie precedate de adjective, numerale care incep cu o vocala.

• an apple – un mar
• an onion – o ceapa
• an elephant – un elefant
• an ugly duck – o rata urata – That is an ugly duck. Aceea este o rata urata.
• an interesting idea – I think this is an interesting idea. Cred ca este o idee interesanta.

Exceptii:

Inainte de H cand acesta nu se pronunta

Deasemenea, folosim tot articolul nehotarat an inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu ”h”, atunci cand acesta nu se pronunta. Ex.

• an hour – o ora
• an honest man – un om cinstit
• an hour – He gets 15 pounds an hour. Primeste 15 lire pe ora.
• an honour – It is an honour. Este o onoare.

Folosim ”a” inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu h atunci cand acesta se pronunta. ex.

• a helicopter – un elicopter
• a hotel – They are staying at a hotel. Ei stau la hotel.
• a history class – I learn a lot during a history class.  Invat mult in timpul unei ore de istorie.
• a heavy burden – That’s a heavy burden to carry.
• a hard working day –  He is tired after a hard working day. El este obosit dupa o zi de munca.

Folosim ”a” inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu ”u” sau ”e” atunci cand acestea se pronunta ca in cuvantul you. Ex.

• a european – Romania is a European country.
• a university – He is a University professor. El este profesor universitar.
• a unique experience – They had a unique experience . Ei au avut o experienta unica.

Cand folosim articolul nehotarat?

Articolul nehotarat in limba Engleza se refera la ceva, pentru prima data. Obiectul nu este cunoscut anterior vorbitorului, ca in cazul articolului  hotarat. Poate fi folosit pentru individualiza un anumit membru,  al unui grup sau clase. Ex.

• a cup of tea – Would you like a cup of tea? Ai vrea o ceasca de ceai?
• a job – She has a good job. Ea are o slujba noua
• an elephant – an elephant and a mouse – un elefant si un soarece

Profesia, meseria

Se foloseste cu numele profesiei, meseriei. Ex.

• an engineer -He works as an engineer in his native country. Lucreaza ca inginer in tara natala.
• an architect – Ben wants to become an architect. Ben vrea sa devina arhitect.
• a dentist – Her father is a dentist and her mother is a teacher. Tatal eie este dentist si mama ei este profesoara.
• a dancer – She wants to be a dancer. Ea vrea sa fie dansatoare.

Pentru a denumi nationalitatea sau religia.Ex.

• Ben is an Englishman. Ben este englez. sau Ben is English.
• Mary is a Catholic. Mary este catolica.
• He is a Muslim. El este musulman.

Cu o zi in general

Poti folosi articolul nehotarat ”a” cu numele zilelor saptamanii, atunci cand nu te referi la o zi anume. Ex.

• I was born on a Friday. M-am nascut intr-o vineri.

Cu expresii: What a,  Such a,  Ex.

• What a pity! Ce pacat.
• What a shame!  Ce pacat
• What a lovely day ! Ce zi frumoasa!
• She’s such a beautiful girl . Este o fata asa de frumoasa.

Pentru a inlocui numeralul

Foloseste ”a” sau ”an” cu substantive numarabile la singular! Articolul hotarat poate inlocui numeralul cardinal ”one” in propozitii. Ex.

• I’d like an orange and two lemons please. As vrea o portocala si doua lamai, te rog.

Cu substantive de cantitate, atunci cand acestea sunt precedate de formele: a little, a piece, a loaf, a kilogram, a slice, etc

• He eats a loaf of bread at dinner. El mananca o franzela la cina.
• I need a kilogram of flour. Am nevoie de 1kg de faina.

In definitii cu sens general

Folosim articolul ”a” sau ”an” cu substantive la singural, in definitii, cu sens general. Ex.

• An octopus is a sea creature. O caracatita este o creatura marina.

Articolul Nehotarat in Engleza – Exercitii

Ai mai jos, cateva exercitii pentru a intelege mai bine cand trebuie sa folosesti articolul hotarat si cand trebuie sa folosesti articolul nehotarat in Engleza.

Completeaza spatiile libere, folosind articolul corect:

In Jane’s schoolbag there is … English book, …. eraser, ruler, … umbrella, …. folder, …. pencil case, … glue stick, …. sharpener, …. English dictionary, …. exercise book, … pen, … orange marker and …. mobile phone.
In Mark’s room there is … bed, … rug, … desk, … armchair, …. desk, laptop, bookshelf, … sofa with … orange cushion, … plant, … wastepaper basket and … wardrobe.

In our house we have a lot of rooms.
There is … living room, … bedroom, … office, … bathroom, … guest room, … kitchen, … laundry room, … dining room and toilet.
…. house also has … attic and … basement. Next to … house there is … garage.

Completeaza spatiile libere, folosind a, an sau the! Lasa spatiul liber daca nici unul dintre ele nu este potrivit!

There is … green English book on the desk. It is right next to … red pencil.
She’s reading … old comic book.
They’ve got … great idea. They think they may have found … solution to  … problem.
She is drinking … cup of coffee. She doesn’t like … tea.
The girl’s father is … pilot. He is also … good driver.
I hope you know that Cluj has … airport.
This is … very expensive bike. I paid … lot of money for it.
Look! There’s … bird flying. It is … grey pigeon.
My uncle is … honest man. He is also … most reliable person I know.
My best friend likes to be … astronaut. She wants to become …  astronaut or at least  … pilot.
Apples currently cost 1.30 … pound. They are more expensive now.
Cheetahs can run 60 miles … hour. They are said to be … fastest animals on …. planet.
You want 150 … person for the tour?

Completeaza spatiile libere, folosind articolul corect:

He had …. little difficulty with his homework.
She has … few friends who can help her move.
Can I borrow … phone? I need to make … phone call.
I really don’t like this. I need to make … complaint.
He’s really upset about what you said. You need to make him … apology.
The child made … mess in the kitchen yesterday.
We may have made … mistake there.
After three years the business is still making … loss.
You can make … progress. Your son has made … lot of progress lately.
You made me … promise last year.
They are throwing … party tonight.
I need to take … photo of this room.
We are making … barbecue in the garden this afternoon.
Make sure you don’t make … accident on the road!
You are practising … new word in English.

I make … new English lesson every week. You can find …  interesting video for each lesson, on You Tube.